Diabetes mellitus (often simply called diabetes) is a chronic health condition that affects how your body turns food into energy. It results in too much sugar (glucose) circulating in the bloodstream.
Normally, food is broken down into glucose, which enters the bloodstream. A hormone called insulin, produced by the pancreas, acts like a key to let glucose into your body’s cells to be used as fuel.
In diabetes, this process is impaired either because:
Without enough effective insulin, glucose stays in the blood, leading to high blood sugar (hyperglycemia), which can cause serious health problems over time.
| Type | Primary Cause | Typical Onset | Management Focus |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type 1 | Autoimmune reaction; the body stops making insulin. | Usually childhood or young adulthood. | Requires daily insulin injections or pump use. |
| Type 2 | Insulin resistance, where cells don’t respond well to insulin; eventually, the pancreas can’t make enough. | Usually adulthood, but increasingly seen in younger people. | Diet, exercise, oral medications, and sometimes insulin. |
| Gestational | Develops during pregnancy due to hormonal changes. | Pregnancy. | Diet and exercise; often resolves after delivery, but increases future risk for mother and child. |
While there is no cure, diabetes can be effectively managed to live a healthy life. Management
includes:
Early diagnosis and consistent management are key to preventing serious complications like heart disease, kidney damage, nerve damage, and vision loss.
Consultant Endocrinologist
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Inceptos ut eros aptent commodo semper magna tempor pretium adipiscing. Cursus erat consequat ultrices volutpat eleifend. Ut iaculis lobortis interdum commodo eleifend at ultrices luctus lectus est. Egestas consectetur enim pharetra tempus proin ac quam accumsan efficitur quis dolor.
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